一、getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户行政处罚不规范引发原告诉讼主体资格问题
行政处罚是典型的行政诉讼案件,研究相对成熟,但正如上述案例,对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的处罚中,因错列、漏列行政处罚相对人而导致此类行政处罚案件中原告的诉讼主体资格问题却常常成为困扰行政审判人员的具体问题。行政机关的行政处罚决定书中未列明、列全行政处罚相对人,而实际处罚违法行为并无不当,法院要如何取舍?由于getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户按照法律规定可以起字号,有字号的应当登记,没有字号的只登记经营者(业主)姓名。因为getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户有字号和经营者(业主)的区分,才导致了行政机关对其行政处罚中的不规范和不统一,而这正是诱发此类案件中原告诉讼主体资格问题的主因。对没有字号的getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的行政处罚,处罚决定书上只能列经营者的姓名,故将经营者(业主)列为行政处罚相对人和行政诉讼的原告没有问题。但有争议且实践中极易出现问题的正是对有字号的getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的处罚。本文仅针对有字号的getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户行政处罚的行政诉讼问题进行研究。
二、对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的行政处罚决定书列明处罚相对人的情形
我国《行政处罚法》和《行政诉讼法》以及最高人民法院《关于执行中华人民共和国行政诉讼法若干问题的解释》(以下简称行诉法解释)对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户为处罚相对人时处罚决定书如何列写并无明确规定,实践中,主要有五种情形:1、单列getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号名称为处罚相对人。如处罚某某商店(字号)。2、单列经营者(业主)姓名为处罚相对人。如处罚某某人(业主姓名)。3、将getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号名称和经营者(业主)姓名均列明在处罚决定书上,但先列getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户字号名称,随后标明经营者(业主)姓名。如处罚某某商店(负责人:某某人)4、将getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号名称和经营者(业主)姓名均列明在处罚决定书上,但先列写经营者(业主)姓名,随后标明其系getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户字号的负责人。如处罚某某人(系某某字号的负责人)。5、将getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号名称和经营者(业主)姓名均列为处罚相对人。如处罚某某人、某某字号,或处罚某某字号、某某人。
笔者认为,对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的行政处罚决定书,应当采用处罚某某业主(标明其系某某字号的主要负责人)的方式。《最高人民法院关于执行〈行诉法〉若干问题的解释》第九十七条规定,人民法院审理行政案件,除依照行政诉讼法和本解释外,可参照民事诉讼的有关规定。在行政实体和程序法没有直接规定的情况下,参照适用包括民事程序和民事实体诉讼主体的有关规定。《最高人民法院对适用〈民诉法〉若干问题的意见》第四十六条规定:“在诉讼中,getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户以营业执照上登记的业主为当事人,有字号的,应在法律文书中注明登记的字号。”可见,getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号仅是业主对外的一种称谓,并不是当事人。所以对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的行政处罚中,应以营业执照上登记的业主为行政相对人,有字号的在法律文书上附注登记的字号,可以用括号注明。那么对处罚决定不服时,当然享有原告主体资格的就是getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户营业执照上登记的业主。但实践中情况很复杂,下面进行具体分析,希望对审判实践有所助益。
三、被处罚getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户原告诉讼主体资格的分析和认定
(一)单列getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号名称为处罚相对人
处罚决定书上,只写明字号,没有写明业主是谁,在审查原告资格时,法院无权查明字号的业主究竟是谁,这是行政机关在作出行政处罚决定时首先应当解决的问题,没有弄准确,写清楚就是处罚错误。因字号没有承担责任的能力,且字号又极具变动性,可能违法时字号还存在,但起诉时字号早已消灭,或早已转手他人,故针对字号开罚单,是极易引发问题的,法院不能针对字号简单下裁判,否则,不仅违反法律规定,而且裁判结果也没有实现的基础。但据此驳回当事人的起诉,又是让起诉人来承担行政机关错误、不当行政行为的否定后果。
字号是否享有诉权?能否以字号名义起诉?如果不能起诉,就出现是处罚决定书列明的行政处罚相对人,却不能享有诉权的尴尬。行诉法解释第九十条规定“人民法院审理行政案件,除依照行政诉讼法和本解释外,可以参照民事诉讼的有关规定。”《最高人民法院对适用〈民诉法〉若干问题的意见》第四十六条规定“在诉讼中,getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户以营业执照上登记的业主为当事人,有字号的,应在法律文书中注明登记的字号。”可见,依法享有诉权,能以自己名义起诉的是getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户营业执照上登记的业主。列明的处罚相对人是字号,但要以业主名义起诉,那其适格吗?如果说不适格,但处罚的实际履行者却是业主,因字号的全部财产归业主,若业主对处罚不配合,该处罚是得不到实现的,正因为这样,可以说只有业主自己才会关心该处罚决定,处罚违法了才会积极诉讼。不给业主诉权不合理,但给其诉权又会与处罚决定书的文书不一致,使法院陷入两难的境地。如果处罚的事实证据、法律依据和处罚程序均没有问题,仅仅因为决定书应列明业主而没有列明,就撤销该行政处罚似乎也不太合适。如果法院含混裁判,又是对法律的极端不负责任,甚至是枉法裁判。这种情况应当认定业主与该处罚决定有直接利害关系,给其诉权。在裁判文书指出行政机关的不当之处。也可以判行政机关败诉几次,并指明原因,或向其提出正确列明的司法建议。上述尴尬是亟待解决的问题。
笔者建议,这种情况下,承认起诉人的诉权,通常也是业主起诉的,在起诉人提供getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户营业执照,显示起诉人为被处罚字号的业主时,法院就应当认定业主具有原告资格。当然业主是以其名义还是以字号名义来起诉又是一个问题,以字号名义起诉与处罚决定书上一致,似乎合理,但法院就会陷入明知行政机关以字号为处罚对象不当还承认和纵容该行为的尴尬中;如果以业主名义起诉,业主又不是行政处罚的相对人。故建议业主对这种行政处罚决定书起诉时将业主和字号均列为原告,由法院选择适格原告。
由于字号不是getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的必登项目,可有可无,且字号可与业主分开,客观上也可转让。如果起诉时,字号已经消灭,那原字号的原业主有无诉权?法院应当认定其享有诉权。因为行政机关可能还依据该处罚决定书申请执行业主的财产,如果处罚错误终将侵害其权益。如果字号已经转让他人,而字号原业主仍对其拥有该字号时的被处罚行为起诉,是否享有诉权?适用当时原则,但是原业主就存在举证证明其系该字号原业主的问题。如果字号已经转让他人,处罚决定书针对字号,执行也是针对字号,受让字号的新业主被实际执行了,新业主是否对行政处罚享有诉权?享有。属于行政处罚对象错误。
(二)单列经营者(业主)姓名为处罚相对人
该列明方法很明确,也符合《最高人民法院对适用〈民诉法〉若干问题的意见》第四十六条的规定,在诉讼中,直接以营业执照上登记的业主为当事人,同时其又是处罚决定书列明的相对人,其诉权和诉讼主体资格没有争议。但对于有字号的getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户而言,其又未满足该条要求的“getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户以有字号的,应在法律文书中注明登记的字号。”此外,只列业主(主要负责人),又是对其组织机构的否认。getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户虽因生产资料私人所有,主要以个人劳动为基础,劳动所得归个体劳动者自已支配而以业主个人全部财产承担责任,但其仍是不完全等同于业主个人的组织机构,并且业主被处罚也是因组织的经营行为,尤其在业主经营不止这一个字号时,列明业主因哪一个字号的违法经营而被处罚具更有必要性。
还有一种情况,当营业执照上写明字号的业主与实际经营者不一致时,即营业执照还没有变动,但执照上写明的业主已经转让字号或撤出字号的实际经营,被处罚的违法行为是实际经营者实施的,处罚决定书应该列谁为被处罚相对人?《最高人民法院对适用〈民诉法〉若干问题的意见》第四十六条第二款规定,getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户营业执照上登记的业主与实际经营者不一致的,以业主和实际经营者为共同诉讼人。如果处罚决定书将两者均列为处罚相对人,可以参照民诉法的上述规定,业主和实际经营者均享有诉权,两者是连带责任,前者是法律意义上的处罚责任承担者,后者是实际的违法责任承担者。如果处罚决定书将营业执照上写明字号的业主为处罚相对人,那此时执照上写明的业主是否享有诉权?实际经营者是否享有诉权?笔者认为,执照上写明的业主当然享有诉权,虽然其存在字号实际经营状况变动了却未积极履行法律上营业执照变更手续的过错,但毕竟违法行为不是其实施的,承担处罚后果对其不利,且其又是处罚决定书列明的处罚相对人。处罚决定书没有提及实际经营者,但通常情况下被处罚的业主在被处罚时和起诉时,一般会主张违法行为的实施者是实际经营者而不是自己,但行政机关在作处罚决定时并没有将实际经营者列为处罚相对人,法院是否有权将实际经营者追加到诉讼中,或者承认实际经营者的起诉权?如果业主起诉时,向法院主张,字号的实际经营者不是自己,此时法院应当依职权追加实际经营者为第三人参加诉讼。但法院无权承认实际经营者的起诉权,因为他既不是处罚决定列明的处罚相对人,又不是营业执照上写明的业主,而且通常情况实际经营者趋利避害也不会起诉。如果业主和实际经营者结成利益同盟一同起诉处罚决定,主张不应受处罚,法院也不能承认实际经营者的诉权,因为并没有处罚他。
(三)将getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号名称和经营者(业主)姓名均列明在处罚决定书上
这种方法应该说是较稳妥的,将字号和业主均列明,处罚对象是很明确的,即便这样,享有诉权的和适格原告仍然是业主,而非字号。
1、先列getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户字号名称,随后标明经营者(业主)姓名的方式,将字号作为了被处罚相对人,严格来说是不合法的,是与民诉法的规定相冲突的,其随后用括号注明该字号的业主,算是补充了被处罚对象,是对前面不当列字号为处罚对象的弥补,进一步说明了实际被处罚对象和实际承担处罚责任的人。实践中,对此种情形,只要处罚决定书正确写明了字号和业主的,法院一般还是受理的。如果起诉人仅以字号的名义起诉,法院可建议其变更业主为起诉主体后受理;如果起诉人拒绝变更的,法院可以裁定驳回起诉;起诉人事后又变更名义,以业主名义起诉的,法院应当受理。如果起诉人以业主名义起诉,法院应当认定其享有诉权,直接予以受理,一般不能以直接写明的处罚相对人是字号而不予受理;如果当事人将字号和业主均列为原告,即起诉人写明字号,又表明某某人为业主,法院应当受理,选择业主为适格原告,并告知起诉人法院选择以业主为适格原告受理该案。法院应在裁判文书中注明该业主为某字号的负责人,这实际上是对处罚决定错列字号为处罚对象作了纠正,并在裁判后对行政机关发出司法建议书,建议对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的行政处罚应当以业主为处罚相对人,有字号的同时标明该业主是某字号的负责人。
2、先列写经营者(业主)姓名,随后标明其系getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户字号的负责人。
笔者认为,这种列写方式是最适当,最符合法律规定,也是最不容易引起争议的方式。先写明被处罚对象是业主,又标明其系个体字号的负责人,指明业主因其字号的违法行为才受到处罚。getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号仅作为业主对外的一种称谓,但字号不是当事人。所以在行政处罚中,对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户以营业执照上登记的业主为行政相对人,有字号的在法律文书上附注登记的字号,可以用括号注明。因getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户既是一种组织机构,又包含私人属性,对外不是仅以组织机构的财产承担责任,而是以个人全部的财产承担责任。因此被处罚单位(人)只列个体字号名称,对责任的最终的承担者不够准确;只列主要负责人,又是对其组织机构的否认,所以要采用此种方式并列。起诉时,业主作为被处罚相对人享有当然的起诉权,在起诉状中以自己为原告,以自己的名义起诉,同时标明其系个体字号的负责人,法院应当受理。
(四)、将getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的字号名称和经营者(业主)姓名均列为处罚相对人。
行政处罚决定书将字号和业主均列为被处罚对象,对处罚不服起诉时,列明的字号和业主作为直接写明的处罚对象,按理说均享有起诉权。但经上面论述,我们知道依法对getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户的行政处罚只能以业主为诉讼当事人,有字号的应当同时注明业主系某某字号的负责人。即法律授予了被处罚业主的诉权,并未授予被处罚getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">getigongshanghu/" target="_blank">个体工商户字号诉权。故处罚决定书将业主和字号均列为处罚对象的,起诉人也列两者为原告的,法院可直接选择适格的业主为原告受理起诉,并将该情况告知起诉人即业主,在裁判文书中也要列主业为原告,并注明其系某字号的负责人。